(1) - Pain Center and Dept. of Plastic Surgery of Sick Fund "Leumit", Ramat-Gan, Israel;
(2) - 3rd Chair of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy;
(3) - Dept. of Anatomy, Medical Faculty of University Brno, Czech Republic;
(4) - Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Since Nogier first discovered the organs' representation in the skin of human auricle, the investigation of morphological aspects of auricular reflex is still actual today. Is there a specific structure or ultrastructure the auricular projection?

This problem was studied only on the macroscopical level (sensory innervation of human auricle). According to serious auricular literature of the past decades, this question was rarely investigated. In most manual guides of ear acupuncture it is not mentioned at all. The few authors who categorically deny the morphological substratum of auricular points are an exception to the rule, as well as the article by Heine (DZA, 1993, 36: 99-103), the discoverer of the substratum. The findings of this author appear to be doubtful since the investigation does not satisfy generally accepted scientific criteria.

In 1994 we founded the interdisciplinary group (auriculotherapist, plastic surgeons, morphologists) for study of "live" ("active") auricular points /zones. The goal of ours investigations is to study skin samples from surgical material. Those samples correspond to auricular points /zones that we detected before operation using vascular autonomic signal (VAS) and verified by differential detection.

The first results of our research are represented in this work:

Small pieces of human auricle skin were taken from healthly tissue at the surgical edges of the specimen corresponding to the left thalamic point (a 60 year old woman, operated for basal cell carcinoma at the internal face of the left antitragus) and to the antidepressive point (a 81 year old woman, operated for hyperkeratosis of the right earlobe). The material was fixed and treated in the usual way.

Light microscopy: on semithin sections of both studied zones thick nerve bundles, numerous vessels and hair follicles were found.

Electron microscopy: ultrathin sections of both studied zones brought the following findings:

1. Thick nerve bundles with myelinated as well as non-myelinated nerve fibers resembling "penicillate structures".

2. Solitary thin bundles of non-myelinated nerve fibers.

3. Mast cells were found in both zones either solitary or in small groups, often related to blood vessels and nerves. Direct innervation of these cells was not observed. The cells contain in different forms numerous dark granules, small clear vesicles, vacuoles and some organelles. Mast cells of both studied zones do not differ in their ultrastructure.

4. Numerous veins without innervation.

5. Solitary arteries without innervation.

6. A rich occurence of somatic hairs with assumed sensory innervation.

Does an auricular point have its own morphological substratum?

We did not find in this research any specific ultrastructure of the "active" auricular point.

EFFECTIVE   AURICULAR   REFLEX   -   POINTS   FOR   THE   TREATMENT   OF   PAIN   AND   VEGETATIVE   EQUILIBRATION

O. Mastalier, DDS

Oberaudorf, Germany

The current situation is characterized by an increasingly prevalent rejection of chemical medication on the part of patients and hopeful confidence in the help provided by reflex - and regulation - medicine and its indications.

The largest group among the acupuncture clientele are patients with acute and chronic pain that bring together people of all groups. Durinjan considers the ear reflex system to be predestined for the achievement of much faster therapeutics results. Practical experience confirms the success of the abudance of possible combinations with auricular medicine.

The destabilization of the vegetativum caused by stress and environmental influences as also the energetic decimation and immune deficiency of our patients are increasing rapidly. School children, people in employment and senior citizens are all affected.

After unsuccessful courses of treatment, patients expect fast help from acupuncture as soft medicine, free of unwanted side effects, with drawing from dependence of symptomatic medication and hit the mark of rear causal treatment: proven and effective models for the optimization of the treatment of pain, the influencing of vegetative false regulations and the treatment of related psychogenic syndromes. All the components can be incorporated holistically in a consistent and optimum manner.

Of course, auricular medicine offers a wide spectrum of effective and approved range of applications.

REGULATION   OF   THE   TRANSFERS   BY   A.R.T.

A. Lentz, MD

Dijon, France

Auricular medicine was complicated; now it is becoming much easier with transfer regulation. The techniques we use aim at bringing out the information in phase 1. Placing a ring test on a reactive zone brings the information related to this ring test into phase 1. We now have a better understanding of the action of the spiral ring test through its effect on groups G and D, which are described in the book " Auricular medicine and Homeopathy", and by correcting the projection planes of the pathological information on the ear.

The transfers can be corrected globally for each pathological group by using the A.R.T. (Antenna for Regulating Transfers). This antenna is made up of 4 SRT’s (Spiral Ring Tests = ATS in French), superimposed in the order DGGD. To use it, it is placed on the forehead in the position that restores the DNA transfers in all three directions. If that is not possible, we are in the diathetic blockage configuration. Otherwise, pathological or functional information is brought out. With this technique, the points found are those which correspond to the origin of the pathology in phase 1. They are global and etiologic points that treat all the intermediary or secondary blockages at the same time. Global treatment is more efficient than partial treatments.

In order to have simple techniques it is necessary to understand how transfer of information works, create models of them and conceptualize them. This all makes the theory rather abstract, but putting it into practice becomes simple.

Global regulation using the A.R.T. makes collecting pathological information much simpler and easier to interpret.

BIOLOGICAL   CLOCKS   IN   HEALTH   AND   DISEASE

W.J. Rietveld, MD, PhD

Leiden, The Netherlands

Biological rhythms and specially twenty-four hour rhythms in many behavioral and physiological functions have long been ascribed to the environmental day-night cycle. Various external variables besides the alternating light and darkness also have 24-hour cycles such as temperature and humidity. The role of all these external cycles in generating rhythmically has systematically been falsified in exclusion experiments. Finally it was recognized that 24-hour rhythms can be endogenous, that is, arise within organisms.

The concept of a body clock was born, a concept that now is well known in several other disciplines.

Despite their endogenous nature, circadian rhythms are responsive to light and darkness. Depending on the phase (or time of the cycle) at which light or dark is presented, a circadian rhythm can to a certain extent be phase shifted, advanced or delayed. The overall result is an exact tuning, the endogenous rhythm adopts the environmental period of precisely 24 hours. Fundamental research, mainly on animals, has given us increased insight into the circadian control system, including that of human beings. The concept of a mutually interactive multi-oscillator system assumes that there are rhythms present at every organizational level. Central pacemakers such as the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei link rhythms in motivational behavior to metabolic rhythms in cells and tissue. We eat or drink whenever the cellular functions are best prepared for these activities. Something of the body, however, can go wrong. The circadian rhythm can become disturbed at the level of entertainment to the outside world (external desynchronisation) or at the level of the multi-oscillator system itself (internal desynchronisation). External desynchronisation occurs when the entertainment signals are too weak (the blind, the aged), are not present (isolation at inadequate light levels) or are in a deviant phase relationship to the multi-oscillator system (night work, jet lag). Internal desynchronization occurs during re-synchronization when the various rhythms are involved in adapting to the new time system at different speeds.

As the mechanism of a biological clock tuning an organism to its environment is essential to survive both as individual and as species, it is not surprising to notify its presence in the meridians as used in acupuncture. Therefore data obtained by chronobiological techniques might be of benefit for other disciplines.

AURICULAR-ELECTRIC-STIMULATION-ANAESTHESIA   (AESA)

C. Broedersdorff, MD

Germany

More than 3000 anaesthesies by means of ear acupuncture have been done with success in great and small medical operations.

In contrary to classic acupuncture-anesthesia in China I have taken up the controlled ear acupuncture from NOGIER conceiving, here are two equal methods with different technics. It has points out, that AESA at both ears by two needles bilateral and symmetrical and a pulsed battery current in a specified form receives best results in all medical operations.

The special advantage lies in simplicity, reliability, reproduction low consumption of additional anesthetics and analgesic drugs as well as a very good compatibility and astonishing fast recovery up to high age.

CHRONO-ACUPUNCTURE   (ZI   WU   LIU   ZHU)   TREATMENT   FOR   SLEEPLESSNESS

Jie Li, PhD

Nijmegen, The Netherlands

The patient, male, 47 years old, has had a problem of sleeplessness and profuse dreaming in nights for more than one and half years. The patient considered that this problem was caused by over thinking and stress at his work. A serious dizziness is complained as well, "Last 4 days and nights, I have had no sleep at all." He indicated when he visited the clinic.

The tongue of the patient was light red, the coating of tongue was thin and yellow, and the pulse were fine and rapid (Xi-shuo). TCM diagnosis was considered as kidney Yin Xu (vacuity), non-interaction of the heart and kidney and heart fire relatively flaming upward induced sleepless. The treatment was carried out as reducing heart fire and supplementing kidney-water by using Na-Zi method of chrono-acupuncture. Zi-Wu time, Shenmen (H 7) was punctured using a reducing needling techniques while Tai-Xi (K I3) was tonified. A combined extra point, Anmien also was used. The treatment was planed for 10 days (once a day). The patient recovered after 8 treatments. The mechanism of this treatment has not been well elucidated. Through this case, the possible chronobiological theory and endocrinology basis will be discussed.

The method of chrono-acupuncture and needling techniques will be discussed as well.

M. Veenstra, MD

s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands

Most of the tests, used in auricular medicine are static. Today I would like to introduce a dynamic test. The tools used in this test are a polaroid filter and a special stone (a chrysoberyl variety) which mimics the sleeping-period. The test is simple to perform. Above the locations of the chakras, a clockwise movement will cause a positive VAS response. Using the stone, and putting it on the periphery, we mimic the sleeping pattern, and we will find a positive VAS on anti-clockwise movement. There are 3 minor chacras, located on the heels, shoulders and handpalms, in addition to the 7 main chakras.

The pathology of several blockades or reverse turning will shortly be discussed. Special attention is paid to the blocking of the anti-clock-wise turning during the night. Two diseases are related to this phenomenon, called ADHD (attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder) and Alzheimer’s disease. A disturbance of the REM-sleep is the most probable cause for that dynamic diorder during the night period. Alzheimer’s disease patients have less REM-sleep than healthy people. There is a relation between the degenerated cholinergic system and the lack of REM-sleep. In children also there is a relationship between sleep and cognitive function, and sometimes more symptoms of the ADHD complex.

Both have in common another test. Therefore we use two filters: acetylcholin and substance P. The acetylcholin filter gives a positive VAS response in healthy people at 40 cm of the ear. In advanced Alzheimer’s disease there is a decrease of this distance. In less advanced cases and in ADHD there is almost no abnormal distance. The filter substance P placed on the frontal region is used to provoke an alternation. In A.D. the neurochemical protective properties of substance P against the neurotoxic effect of beta-amyloid, are known since 1991. It's amazing that similar test results are found in ADHD.

We will pay attention to some differential diagnostic possibilities, as spasmophylia. Natrium Phosphoricum is the common homeopathic remedy used to treat both diseases. It has an impact on the mechanism of protein phosphorylation, which contribute to Alzheimer’s conditions. Therapeutic results for six different groups will be compared. These groups include AD and ADHD.

Conclusions. Although advanced AD cannot be treated by this method, the treatment for less advanced AD and ADHD are very promising. The similarity of both diseases suggests that the onset of AD might be in the early age of childhood. Further clinical investigations of REM-sleep disorders in ADHD could help having an early diagnose and treatment.

S.W. Hofman, MD

Gouda, The Netherlands

The author described observations using filters M and AM, combined with 15, being interpreted as two complementary energies, measured "alive" and in movment, in an article in IJAM 1/96, 24-26.

So called organ-filters physiologically show a constant VAS of 4 combined with 15, when moving above the area of the healthy organ, or in repeated contact with the (ear-) skin. With this simple procedure one is able to find organ (or function) skin relations. For example there is a relation between the eyebrows and the amygdaloid, and the nose and the hippocampus. A tissue filter called "leptomeninges" shown by French colleagues, probably has a relation with the chakra on the median line of the body.

Normally there is no reaction of the filter on the side of the chakras above the skin (except combined with 15).

In pathologic states it is possible to elicit reactions with these filters in up to 3 different regions (of the ear and body), which represent disharmony in the 3 tissues (TS, TM and TP). Hereto we use the filter with or without 15, in the front or behind the tissue filter. It can be interesting to use this procedure with other organ filters, too. Disharmonic areas of the ear and around it are found with the two filters, together in two different combinations: M/AM and AM/M (on repeated contact or slow removal). There are always reactive sites on a line through the zero point, when using those combinations of filters. These sites are also distinguishable by altered touch sensation. These areas seem to relate to the energysources of the body (in yoga: bindu), and deviate from the usual vertical bindu-line. These filters can be combined with the sleep or wake filter. Sometimes a combination of the two detects these areas very effectively. It is possible with these filters (combined with or without 15) to find relevant homeopathic remedies. The contact of those remedies with the skin can eliminate or reverse reactions such as sensitivity and color.

Hypothesis. Three tissue layers (TS, TM and TP) are related to three compartments of energy. The boundaries between them relate to 15-position. These compartments resemble the physical, mental and causal bodies of yoga. M/AM detect a reflection of a primal polarity on the plane of these bodies, very relevant to illness. The interpretation, in enhances and stimulates the interest in further researches.

MEASUREMENT   OF   MEDICATION/INTOXICATION   EFFECT,   IN   VIVO,   USING   FILTER   15   (AND   THE   VAS)

S.W. Hofman, MD

Gouda, The Netherlands

Substances, contained in filters ("ring-tests") are known as eliciting sometimes a VAS, on repeated contact with the skin (of the ear) or on removal contact from the skin, this indicates biological relevance.

The first reaction was interpreted as "toxic" or "allergic", though some homeopathic remedies showed later this same kind of reaction.

The second type of reaction was interpreted as "need" for this substance.

Reactions can also be elicited by moving the substance parallel and near to the skin, above some areas, moving the information on planes or areas further away from the body. Similarly as reactions change after putting the information (filter) on the skin, these reactions prevail, in a progressive and increasing way (on repeated stimulation). It occurs at the frontside of the body (the "expression" side) and in a progressive and decreasing way, at the backside of the body (the "impression" side). VAS reaction tends to be related to the flow of energy. Contact reactions relate to the diminishing of the field, while removal reactions relate to the enlarging of the field (as measured by bare hand). As a result of intoxicants or medication (remedy) a reaction develops. After some time, a counter-image develops to the same substance, combined with filter 15 (to the skin side). Moving parallel to the skin and/or in contact or removal from the skin, the counter-mase develops exactly over those areas (organs) where the substance is active. With this information one can determine the activity time span and the dosage adjustment or renewal. Putting the substance combined with 15 (to the skin) on the body changes the reactions for some time. If the substance (effect) is removed a contact/removal reaction may reappear. It is even possible to measure the activity of local biological functions, using organ-filters and hormones. A physiological activity (combined with 15) is about 4 VAS. In order to experience these reactions, I advise the use of silveramalgam filters in the area around the mouth, as well as the classic organ filters (ex-endo-meso) in cases of fatigue. It can be interesting to examine complaint areas for distant effect relations, as well as examining special sides like the middle line of the body and the meridian points. It will be interesting also to differentiate the reactions on different tissue levels (superficial, middle and deep), and to consider their interactions.

SLEEP   DISORDERS   AND   THE   CAUSAL   BODY

Tony van Gelder, MD

Rotterdam, The Netherlands

According to the Vedas creation is a permanent process. A constant stream of consciousness flows through the chakras to make life possible in a physical form. The subtle bodies are non-physical intermediators between this consciousness and the chakras. The first subtle body in creation is the causal body, the bearer of the soul. From the causal body the mental body arises as carrier of the mind with it’s thinking capacities and emotions. The mental body gives birth to a sequence of five non-physical bodies corresponding to the five Indian elements from which the physical body is formed. The seven subtle bodies act through their corresponding chakras to continue human life.

The causal and the mental bodies can be detected with the help of filters and the VAS. For the causal body we use a combination of three filters: nylon/15/nylon. If you approach the body with this triplet, there is a constant reaction at a certain distance, normally 20 to 40 cm from the physical body.

The distance depends on the rate of existential fear. In illness and stress this distance will be shorter than in relaxation and trust. The distance depends on the state of the chakras. Cramped or partially closed chakras will pull the border of the causal body toward the physical body. When the chakras open, the causal body enlarges. That phenomenon is observed in sleep disorders. The triplets of filters will be moved closely in front of the body, at the attachments of the chakras. The movement must be performed with open and close eyes. There will be a reaction of one or two chakras. If one treats the corresponding chakrapoint in the ear, a surprising thing happens. The causal body will enlarge to a great distance. Clinically, the patient will be in a state of relaxation, consequently decreasing the sleep problem. The most frequent chakra involved is the heartchakra. In my treatment, I usually combine the chakrapoint with a special point for sleep, according to the German school of auricular medicine. In this lecture we will discuss both technique and involved points.

J.L. Vigneron, MD

France

The testing filter is an auricular medicine technique, that superposes the epiphysis test ring on a Wratten Kodak 44 Filter. That technique is performed using auricular examination and taking the patient’s pulse, according to Dr. NOGIER’s system.

Using the luminous detector D4 on a balanced patient, one can find 3 particular physiological axes on the auricle, reacting with the following lights: 24, 58 and 65A.

Treating pathological disorders, those axes will be found in different locations. After the treatment, most have their location checked again.

Joining these 3 colors: 24, 58 and 65A, one get a testing filter with properties corresponding to the former one. One gets a physiologic reaction when placing the filter at 40 cm of the patient’s head.

In pathological cases, the reaction will be displaced, or will not be found. After treating, we must find the reaction again over the head. When examining a patient and using this double test, one can get very specific answers.

This test can help diagnose pathological zones, auricular points and their treatment. It allows many applications and leads to many discoveries.

DEPRESSION   AND   THE   MENTAL   BODY

Tony van Gelder, MD

Rotterdam, The Netherlands

The borders of the mental body are detected using the aid of three combined filters: 15/nylon/15. The width and the position of the mental body are related to psychic problems.

The width has to do with the identification of the Self and with the ego. It gives a measure for neurotic behavior. The position of the mental body is related to different forms of psychic problems, such as depressions.

In this lecture I will discuss diagnostics of the mental body and the possibilities to treat neurotic depressions with auricular therapy. The Chinese ZangFu organs play an important role in therapy. Those organs and their location on the earlobe will be explained during this lecture.

THE   ANATOMY   OF   THE   ACUPUNCTURE   POINTS   IN   THE   HUMAN  
ENERGY-FIELD   AROUND   THE   BODY   AND   THEIR   THERAPEUTICALLY   CONSEQUENCES

G. Kloppenburg, MD

Rijswijk, The Netherlands

The School of Nogier teaches that tissue layers extend themselves to the energy-field around the body. They can be found when one moves the filter 25-58-44, that represents the three phases, on a perpendicular line, from the skin to the periphery. Each time one passes a tissuelayer, one perceives a VAS. When one moves this filter, or any other general filter, parallel to the bodysurface or the ear, just above skin, one perceives many VAS ‘s. These "VAS places" are usually situated just above the large acupuncture points. When one examine these places in the bodyfield that reacted with our filters, they mimic the same energetic properties as the acupuncture points in the skin. Therefore, we define them energetically as an acupuncture point in the bodyfield.

These acupuncture points in the bodyfield are frequently found on the point of intersection of a perpendicular line (starting from an acupuncture point on the skin) and the concerning tissue layer in the energy-field. The same is correct for the ear acupuncture points. It seems as if there is a perpendicular ray from the acupuncture point, in the skin, to the periphery. When that ray extends itself, it produces energetic points in most of the tissuelayers crossings.

In the tissuelayers located in the energyfield close to the body, one finds many acupuncture points. Only few acupoints give a strong reaction and have diagnostic and therapeutic significance.

The closer the acupuncture points are to the skin, the more they the physical body and its physical functions. At great distance, the points tend to relate to the constitution and the psychological functions. At a greater distance, they relate to a more spiritual function. Above the chakra’s one finds acupuncture points a well as other energetic entities; they have different functions, different diagnostic and therapeutic consequences. Actually we only have used acupuncture points on the skin for diagnosis, medicament test and treatment. Considering this model one concludes that it is important to pay attention to the points in the energyfield around the body. Those points in the energyfield can be used the same way as the points of the body and the ear. They can be used for diagnosis, medicament test or laser treatment.

The effect of laser treatment increases when:

1) the treated point is situated further from the skin,

2) the number of VAS beats of the concerning point is increased,

3) the dimension of the point in the concerning tissuelayer is dilated.

CONTROVERSIES   IN   THE   RELIEF   OF   BACK   PAIN   AURICULAR  
TECHNIQUES:   20   YEAR   CLINICAL   PERSPECTIVE

Howard D. Kurland, MD

Kenilworth, USA

The International Association for the Study of Pain Task Force on Pain in the Workplace (Fordice, W.E., editor, Back Pain in the Workplace, IASP Press, Seattle, 1995), promulgates the concept that "cutaneous laser treatment, transcutaneous electric neurostimulation and needle acupuncture" have no proven benefits in the treatment of acute low back symptoms. Moreover, the IASP presents concerns about serious adverse events associated with acupuncture (White, E.A., Life threatening adverse reactions after acupuncture? A systematic review, Pain 71, 1997, 122-126. However, the American Medical Association is concerned that "most for selected patients. (Pain Management and Chemical Dependency, JAMA 278, 1997, 592-593).

In two decades of clinical practice, no significant adverse effects have been experienced in utilizing auricular medical techniques in the effective relief of back pain. The publication of Back Pains (Simon, & Schuster, New York, 1991) and Quick Backache Relief Without Drugs (Orbis, London, 1981), produced the opportunity to present the concepts of auricular medicine to the lay public in print, and over radio and television. The transient discomfort-pain associated with auricle autoacupressure is a disincentive for patients to continue utilization, although effective in alleviation of back pain of greater intensity and duration. The advent of laser acupuncture eliminates this problem, but had not been appropriate for self-treatment.

Time tested techniques of auricular therapy including point selection and stimulus applications are presented. Discussion of specific cases include the problem of reluctance of some physicians to reveal to patients the utilization of auricular techniques for their personal needs, in addition to the conflict over the loss of patients dependency.

AN   INTRODUCTION   TO   QUANTUM   BIOLOGY

Julian Kenyon, MD

Southampton, UK

This is an attempt to delineate an important mechanism of action of auricular therapy, and indeed a whole range of complementary medicines.

The paper starts off with a simple explanation of quantum physics, going on to such concepts as coherence, energy levels, subtle fields, and quantum coherence in liquids. Then quantum biology is discussed, together with dynamic order and the extraordinary sensitivity of biological systems.